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It’s getting old how everyone seems to think that Boeing does all maintenance for all airlines. In what world would that make sense
The same world where McDonald's contracts with a single company for all the maintenance on their ice cream machines nationwide.
Yes, it would be more analogous if it was United contracting a single company for all their maintenance. For really big companies, it's not unusual for them to have one contract with another big company to handle a certain thing at all their locations. For example, custodial services, truck maintenance, stuff like that. Aircraft maintenance seems reasonable.
And it's also possible that Boeing says "if you want us to work with us, you must use our approved maintenance contractor(s), otherwise you're on your own", and United certainly has the money for it.
But that's an educated guess. For a factual point, remember that Boeing writes the maintenance manuals. If they write a manual that says "use grade N bolts", and grade N bolts aren't actually sufficient, the maintainer is still going to use grade N because that's what the manual says. And Boeing accountants and middle managers wouldn't really overrule the metallurgical engineer to save a couple cents on each bolt, would they? Nahhhhh.
That is not how it works for aircraft.
At least in general aviation, there is a maximum number of hours for certain parts that need to be overhauled. The engine installed onto a given aircraft may be designed by Rolls Royce or it may be designed by GE or it may be designed by Pratt and Whitney. Boeing doesn't have expertise in it all.
Furthermore, each aircraft must maintain an airworthiness certificate. This is one of the ways the FAA can ground planes. For example, it can ground all planes of a given type until required maintenance is performed on a faulty part. Unfortunately, I'm not sure how the airworthiness certificate is determined for Boeing aircraft. I think the FAA has historically given great latitude to Boeing to certify their own aircraft.
HOWEVER, the A&P mechanic (airframe and powerplant) is responsible for maintenance. This license requires examination from the FAA. Some FBOs can maintain A&P, but usually the airline maintains its own aircraft (hence why either southwest or american has such a bad reputation).
The 737-800 has been in service for quite a while and its a proven platform. The only reason the 737-MAX is having issues is because they wanted to take the proven 737 platform and add a stupid design design to complete with the A320. If there really IS such a big issue with their manual, the FAA will step in and issue a directive. They have not done so for the 737-800. This is united's issue.
Here you can search for the airworthiness directives for the 737-800: https://drs.faa.gov/search
One in 2001 and one in 2007.